Pharmaceutics and drug safety

Drug Safety and Pharmacovigilance

Drug safety relates to the potential for adverse effects related to the administration of drugs. Efforts to establish the safely profile of drugs begin early in their development, with in vitro and in vivo toxicity testing, and continue through clinical trials leading up to drug approval and following approval in specific post-marketing studies or general pharmacovigilance efforts. Pharmacovigilance (PV or PhV), also known as drug safety, is the pharmacological science relating to the collection, detection, assessment, monitoring, and prevention of adverse effects with pharmaceutical products.The etymological roots for the word "pharmacovigilance" are: pharmakon (Greek for drug) and vigilare (Latin for to keep watch). As such, pharmacovigilance heavily focuses on adverse drug reactions, or ADRs, which are defined as any response to a drug which is noxious and unintended, including lack of efficacy (the condition that this definition only applies with the doses normally used for the prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy of disease, or for the modification of physiological disorder function was excluded with the latest amendment of the applicable legislation). Medication errors such as overdose, and misuse and abuse of a drug as well as drug exposure during pregnancy and breastfeeding, are also of interest, even without an adverse event, because they may result in an adverse drug reaction Signal Detection in Drug Safety